_The Mendele Review_: Yiddish Literature and Language (A Companion to _MENDELE_) ______________________________________________________ Contents of Vol. 03.008 25 April 1999 Warsaw Ghetto Revolt Anniversary Issue 1) Yiddish Matters: From the Editor (Leonard Prager) 2) "dos geto brent" (author unknown) [internally dated 25 April 1943] 1)---------------------------------------------------- Date: 25 April 1999 From: Leonard Prager Subject: Yiddish Matters: Warsaw Ghetto Revolt, April 1943 Remembering the Warsaw Ghetto Revolt of 56 years ago, we give in this _TMR_ memorial issue the powerful -- there are few more powerful -- documents which somehow survived from that unimaginable maelstrom. "Dos geto brent" (here reprinted from _Di goldene keyt_ 15 [1953], pp. 10-15) is of unknown authorship, yet we somehow come to know its author. His factual account, without a trace of inflated rhetoric or exaggerated pathos, draws us into its facticity and actualness. The emotional bonds within his small group are felt without being talked about. A brief scene of the confiscation of personal papers, including _any_ scrap of paper, gives us a condensed cyclopaedia on the arts of dispossession and dehumanization. (In the horrendous expulsions we see today in Kosovo the Serbian border guards strip fleeing Albanians of their passports.) The present -- half-century late -- revelation of how some Germans and other Europeans enriched themselves during the Shoa is here vividly previewed. And, most remarkably, there is no expression of nationalist or religious compensation. The account ends: "un ven ikh hob shpeter bazukht aza keler mit farshtikte mentshn, gezen kinder mit oysgerisene mayler, vi shvartse farbrente lekher, froyen mit farmakhte foystn, mit hor aroysgerisene fun kop, hob ikh geveynt un di foystn gebaylt un getrakht vegn di milyonen gebaylte foysten oyf der gorer velt kegn hitlerizm un kegn fashizm." Our author weeps and clenches his fists. Seeing the closed fists of incinerated victims and clenching his own, he thinks of the millions of clenched fists of the living who resist Nazism and fascism. This image may at first seem that of an idealogue or party stalwart since the clenched fist is a common political and partisan gesture. But I see our unidentified author's final words as an affirmation of living, a refusal to cease struggling against Evil; moreover, his vision is a universal one, a way of seeing once highly valued in Judaism yet often slighted these days. This romanized essay has been checked against the Yiddish Typewriter [http://www.cs.uky/~raphael/yiddish/test.html] and can by means of the Yiddish Typewriter be converted to a Standard Yiddish text in the Standard Yiddish Orthography (SYO). If you have a PostScript printer, you can print out the file in an attractive font. If you have the Ghostview viewer (which can be downloaded free on the internet) you can read Postscript Yiddish files on your computer screen in either Postscript or PDF form. There is a special poignancy attached to our reading this Yiddish testament in Yiddish letters and on the precise day of the year mentioned within it. 2)---------------------------------------------------- Date: 25 April 1999 From: Leonard Prager Subject: "dos geto brent" (author unknown) z' 10 "dos geto brent" "dos geto brent" iz geshribn gevorn in di teg fun geto oyfshtand in varshe, april 1943. ver s'iz der mekhaber iz umbakant. dem ksav-yad hot der mekhaber minestam mitgenumen mit zikh, ven er iz ariber oyf der arisher zayt. a poylishe mishpokhe hot ibergegebn dem ksav-yad a yidn, vos hot im gebrakht in yisroyl. es iz shoyn a vokh tsayt, vi mir zenen arayn in baheltenishn, arop in di kelern, arayn tsvishn di moyern, farshvundn mer nisht tsu gefinen undz. di blokades hobn a kleynem derfolg. bay undz, fun dem blok fun herman brauer, hot men 30 man aroysgefirt. mer iz geven shver tsu gefinen, khotsh yedn tog hot men di kelern durkhgezukht, di voynungen oyfgebrokhn, -- vi di erd volt undz ayngeshlungen. di fir un a halb toyznt mentshn, vos hobn bavoynt dem teren, zenen vi mit a tsoybershtekele farshvundn -- un nishto. ober opetemen lozt men undz nisht; nisht vi bay di frierdike aktsyes vu di nekht zenen geven undzere, un tsvishn eyn blokade un a tsveyter hot men gekont forzikhtik oyfn teren bavegn. itst hobn zey do ayngeshtelt a grupe shaulistn(1) vos zukhn arum bay tog un bay nakht un oyf yedn shorkh efenen zey a shiseray, zey zenen ibergeshrokn, vayl tsendliker fun zey zenen in di ershte teg gefaln in kamf mit undzere bavofnte grupes. un dokh hot zikh far tog tsugekrogn tsu undz a shokhn fun a tsveytn keler, zikh forzikhtik durkhgeshleykht durkh di kelern, oyfgedekt shtil di klape un zikh ongefregt, vos bay undz hert zikh, geteylt zikh mit a bisl nays. in di ershte teg fun kamf -- hot er dertseylt -- zenen gefaln zeyere arum 300. undzere hobn gehat gute farteydikungs-punktn. zey hobn arayngefirt tsvey tanken. eynem iz undz gelungen tsu farnikhten. undzere hobn aroysgehangen a poylishe fon, di daytshn hobn gevolt di fon aropshisn. es iz zey nisht gelungen. itst iz shtiler, zey gefinen kemat nisht keyn mentshn, vayl di merhayt hot zikh gut bahaltn. vi lang dos vet doyern kon men nisht visn, nor oyb zey veln in di noenste teg keynem nisht gefinen, veln zey dokh muzn iberraysn di aktsye, oder zey veln muzn bald arizirn(2) di shopn, demolt vet men dokh zikh tsupasn tsu di naye badingungen. dermit endikt zikh undzer shmues. der khaver dekt tsurik tsu di klape, farshit mit erd, farshtelt mit altvarg un trogt zikh op umbamerkt. vi shvakh iz geven undzer forshtelung vegn dem oyf vos di daytshn zenen feik! undzer fantazye hot zikh nisht gekont forshteln, az dos gantse farmegn, di gantse hayzer mit skhoyres, vorshtatn, fabrikn, mashinen far z' 11 tsendliker, far hunderter milyonen, -- dos alts vet untergetsundn vern, tsulib undz, tsulib di ale, vos hobn zikh bagrobn unter der erd, bahaltn zikh tsvishn di moyern un farmogn shoyn nisht mer, vi dos bloyze lebn un a viln, a shtarke viln es nisht optsugebn. neyn, mir hobn zikh es nisht forgeshtelt. in undzer baheltenish iz dos lebn vayter gegangen, vi in di ershte teg. mir hobn nokh elektre, mir hobn vaser in klozet, mir kokhn oyf di elektrishe kikhelekh mitog, mir lign oyf di nares un leyenen bikhlekh. di baheltenish iz nisht keyn groyse. dray kleyne tsimerlekh unter dem front fun hoyz baym toyer (nalevkes 8), tsvey tsimerlekh farnumen mit pritshes(3), in ershtn tsimer di kikh. mir zenen tsvelf mentshn, dray kinder, finf froyen, fir mener. mir filn zikh bakvem, vayl es iz tsugegreyt ort far mer mentshn. nor zey hobn gehaltn az tsulib dem front, in der nontkayt fun gas, iz do nisht zikher un zey hobn zikh bahaltn andersh vu. dort iz nisht bakvem, mer mentshn, ober derfar zikherer. bay undz felt shoyn itst luft, di ventilatsye iz a shvakhe. mir bavegn zikh vintsik. mir reydn nisht tsvishn zikh tsulib der nontkayt fun toyer. mir haltn ayn yedn hust un yedn hekhern ton. der tog iz adurkh biz nokh mitog vi ale letste teg, mir hobn a tsvey mol gehert dos araynmarshirn un aroysmarshirn fun militer, vorshaynlekh hobn zey vayter keynem nisht gefunen, vayl mir hobn tsurikvegs gehert bloyz zelnerishe trit un vayter shtil. arum finf far nakht hobn mir derhert un derfilt a fardekhtikte bavegung un oftn araynfor un aroysfor fun vogns. epes lodt men oyf di vogns. epes kumt for, ober vos? tsi vert nisht di firme aroysgefirt. dos iz meglekh, ober azoy fil skhoyres, varshtatn un mashinen, dos darf dokh doyern vokhn un efsher khadoshem, un vos dos ayln zikh, di ofte geshreyen un geloyfn? far zibn iz alts tsurik shtil gevorn. itst, dakht zikh -- nokh shtiler vi geven. ober bald nokh zibn hob ikh gefilt a tshad in tsimer. ikh ver a bisl umruik, ikh heyb on zukhn fun vanen er kumt un gefin az fun eyn vant yogt a roykh, efsher hot men in a zaytikn keler gemakht fayer un der roykh geyt arayn tsu undz. mir hobn bay zikh tsement, zamd. mir mishn es mit vaser un farklepn shnel di efenung fun vanen es yogt aza shtikndiker roykh. nokh der arbet baruikn mir zikh tsufridene, vos mir hobn gehat unter der hant dem tsement mitn zamd. mir shteln zikh nisht for, az mir zenen shoyn untergetsundn un arum undz farshpreyt zikh itst shnel dos fayer. der zeyger iz akht. fun der zayt fun gas hert zikh a farshtarkte bavegung, der roykh in di tsimern vert nisht shvakher, mir muzn efenen un araynlozn mer luft, in der frontvant zenen do kleyne fensterlekh, unter yedn shtik fun a gevelb aza efenung fun tsen biz fuftsn tsentimeter. nor itst zenen zey farklept un farmaskirt un bloyz a por lekher tsu eyn tsentimer di groys zenen do, itst muzn mir zey oyfdekn. ikh klep op in ershtn tsimer a kleyn fensterl un derze oyf der tsveyter zayt gas brent a hoyz, a fayer, fun untn biz aroyf, bizn dakh, dos gantse hoyz iz in flamen. plutsem git zikh an efn a balkon oyfn ershtn shtok z' 12 un es loyft aroys a man, bay fuftsik yor alt, baloykhtn mit fayer, mit a vild ponem, mit oysgeshtarte oygn -- vayzt oys glaykh fun a baheltenish in shtub -- un shrayt: s'brent! s'brent! er farvarft di fis ibern balkon un farmest zikh tsu shpringen. a por shosn raysn iber zayn pruv un er falt arop umbaveglekh, vi a klots. a gelekhter fun der noent rayst zikh arayn in roysh fun fayer, dos lakhn di hiters vos hitn, az dos fayer zol zikh gut farshpreytn un keyn lebediker zol zikh nisht aroyskrign. fun a tsveytn hoyz loyft aroys a grupe mentshn, tsvishn zey a gresere tsol froyen. ikh her zeyere hilfsrufn. zey veysn nisht vu tsu loyfn. in dem, heybn on mashinen-gever tsu klapn, zeyere letste hilfsrufn vern farshtumt. ikh drey mikh oys fun fensterl un kuk zikh um oyf mayne noente, ikh shvayg un trakht, bay undz vet dos nisht forkumen, dort zenen dokh vilde hayzer(3). mir gehern dokh tsu a raykhsdoytshe firme herman brauer, a geveziner daytshisher shpion in poyln, a militer-man un a getrayer hitlerist. do vet men nisht untertsindn. es iz dokh zeyer farmegn. un ot vos s'iz forgekumen oyfn teren fun herman brauer: mit dray teg tsurik hot brauer gerufn tsu zikh etlekhe onfirers, di tsu velkhe er hot gekont dergreykhn, vayl ale zenen geven bahaltn, un zey gemoldn, az zayn firme blaybt un in di noenste teg vet forkumen an iberregistratsye; di vos veln zikh meldn, veln glaykh tsutretn tsu der arbet. di fir onfirers hobn bakumen spetsyele numern oyf groyse vayse shtiker leyvnt un mit dem hobn zey gekont fray zikh bavegn oyfn teren fun der firme. in farloyf fun dray teg hobn shoyn finf un tsvantsik onfirers getrogn vayse numern, un herman brauer hot aropgelozt in keshene hundert toyznt fuftsik zlotes, zayn nokhshleper, der invalid klauz -- fuftsn toyznt zlotes. nokh dem, vi brauer hot shoyn gevust, az zayn firme vert farbrent mitn toytn un lebedikn inventar, hot er di onfirers nisht gezogt keyn vort, nor farsheydene kleynikaytn farn eygenem gebroykh genumen gikh aroysfirn. dem letstn tog finf n.m. iz gekumen di es-es, aroyf in byuro, tsuzamengerufn di onfirers un aroysgefirt zey oyfn ershtn hoyf. umgerikht falt der bafel: di hent in di heykh, nisht rirn zikh fun ort. un kegn di onfirers shteyen zelner mit ongeshtelte biksn. zey vern bazukht, alts vert tsugenumen, nisht nor dos gelt, zeygerlekh un fingerlekh, nor oykh di dokumentn, ale kleynikaytn, afile shtiklekh papir farshribene un nokh dem kumt dos matern a sho tsayt mit shtrof-ibungen. es makhn zikh freylekh di es-es layt un in di fenster fun byuro shteyen di daytshishe direktorn un kukn zikh tsu tsu dem, vos es tuen di es-es mit velkhe zey hobn in eynem getrunken far dem oyskoyf gelt, vos zey hobn derhaltn fun di zelbike onfirers (tsu makhn hulyankes un zey ibertsukoyfn ). nokh di ibungen hot men zey z'13 ge|yogt tsu helfn lodn helmen, vayl in di letste shoen hot men zikh genumen epes aroysfirn, es zenen gekumen a bisl vogns mit krigs-gefangene tsu der arbet, un di onfirers zenen unter klep ge|yogt gevorn tsu der arbet. ober di groyse lagern mit volene sveters, mit shkarpetn, di magazinen mit leder-oysarbetungen, papir-varshtatn, groyse zapasn fun artiklen un groyse lagern mit tornisters(4) un andere zakhn, -- dos alts kon men nisht azoy gikh aroysfirn. deriber zenen nor etlekhe platformes ongelodn mit shtolhelmen aroysgeforn un oyf eyn platforme -- di onfirers. fuftsn minut far zibn (di genoye yedies un pinktlekhe tsayt hob ikh shpeter derhaltn fun eynem, vos hot gehat an observatsye punkt fun zayn baheltenish oyfn ershtn hoyf) iz arop fun byuro brauer, geblibn shteyn baym toyer, tsum letstn mol zikh umgekukt, farroykhert a papiros un arayn in oyto. finf minut nokh zayn opforn zenen arayn shaulistn mit daytshishe zelner un gevorfn brenbombes in di parter-voynungen, in di kelern, oyf di shtign, oyf di boydemer un avek tsu vayterdike arbet. un di raykhsdoytshe firme herman brauer brent fun rog frantsishkaner- nalevkes biz muranov. di ershte, vos hobn dos bamerkt fun di baheltenishn in di shtubn zenen gikh arop oyfn hoyf. ober di merhayt hot nisht bavizn, vayl merstns zenen di holtserne shtign geven der ershter materyal tsum brenen un ven in di voynungen hot zikh bavizn roykh mit fayer un aroysge|yogt fun di baheltenishn, iz shoyn dos gantse hoyz geshtanen in flamen -- un di mentshn zenen umgekumen. di kleyne grupe, vos hot zikh yo gerativet, hot geklapt in di baheltenishn fun di kelern, vu iz geven bakant, az dortn zenen do mentshn. un azoy hot men zikh dermont in mir. arum nayn azeyger hobn fraynd bamerkt, az ikh bin nishto un es hobn zikh derhert oysrufn tsu geyn tsu m... in skhron(5) arayn, efenen un aroysrateven di mentshn. a grupe mit ayzns un lomen iz arayn in ershtn hoyf, tsugekumen tsum keler. ober aropgeyn is shoyn geven ummeglekh. der koridor, vos firt in keler arayn, iz geshtanen in flamen. di baheltenish iz geven zeyer vayt un mit aropgelozte kep zenen ale avek. a shod m. un zayne nonte, ober tsi iz den zeyer lebn shoyn zikher? nokh a sakh arbet hobn zey itst tsu ton, kedey tsu rateven dos lebn. bay mir in skhron hobn mir nokh gornisht gevust. arum nayn ovnt hobn mir zikh gezetst tsum ovntbroyt. vifl tragi-komishes in der situatsye, vos far a stsene, a min tshaplin-film! men hot undz untergetsundn, di kelern arum brenen, dos fayer geyt nenter un nenter tsu undz, di mentshn in droysn zenen gekumen rateven un konen nisht arayn, -- un mir, azoy vi nisht undz meynt men, mir zetsn zikh tsu esn. arum tsen azeyger bin ikh tsugegangen tsum vaser di hent vashn, ikh efn oyf dem kran un derfil heyse vaser. a shoyder iz mir adurkh, es vert mir heys un kalt, mit a mol iz mir klor gevorn; es brent arum undz. z' 14 on a vort bin ikh tsugegangen tsu der efenung, aropgelozt zikh unter der moyer, aroys tsu der klape un zi untergehoybn. der kleyner keler baym arayngang tsu baheltenish iz ful mit hits un hel baloykhtn. fun fensterl yogt a fayer fun a tsindbombe. nor tsum glik hob ikh mit a por teg tsurik ale zakhn in keler avekgeleygt baym arayngang fun tir, un do hot zikh nokh gornisht ongetsundn. mit a shprung bin ikh in koridor, vos firt tsum aroysgang. do iz der langer koridor mit ale kelern fun beyde zaytn in gantsn in flamen. ikh loyf gikh tsurik in skhron arayn, oyf mayn tsurikker vartn shoyn ale bay der efenung. zey hobn bamerkt mayn aroysloyfn un hobn farshtanen, az s'muz zayn zeyer an ernste zakh, vos hot mikh bavoygn oystsudekn di klape. hert -- hob ikh zikh gevendt tsum dershrokenem oylem arum mir -- oyb ir vet zikh farhaltn ruik veln mir zikh ale rateven. alts arum brent, der koridor fun keler iz in flamen. mir zenen shoyn a vokh tsayt in keler. undzer ontuekhts iz durkhgenumen mit faykhkayt [faykhtkayt --L.P.] un ven mir veln loyfn durkhn fayer, vet zikh es nisht azoy gikh ontsindn. zol nor yeder nemen oyfn kop a faykhte zakh, vayl di hor kenen zikh yo gikh onkhapn. un zoln aroysgeyn frier di kinder, nokh dem di froyen un tsum letstn di mener. ikh shtel oys a shpaler [shpalir -- L.P.] un fir der ershter, nokh mir di kinder. mir loyfn in fayer. es farkhapt der otem. ikh trakht: nor nisht faln, nor nisht faln. fal ikh, kumen ale um in fayer. dos ponem brent, ikh tsi di faykhte shmate iber di oygn, mir zenen shoyn bay di shtign, vos firn tsum aroysgang, a por shpring un mir zenen in droysn. ikh kuk mikh um un tseyl iber tsvelf, keyner felt nisht. ober vu zenen mir aroys? arum iz a hits mit fayer, vos flit fun di hayzer biz tsum himl. fun di kelern biz in der heykh shist der flam in himl arayn. ikh dermon zikh on dem mentsh oyfn balkon un zayn geshrey: es brent, es brent! do iz pust. keyn lebediker mentsh iz nishto, nor fayerdike balkns faln in mitn hoyf arayn fun di moyern, vos shitn zikh shoyn. vuhin loyft men? oyf der gas -- veys ikh shoyn -- shteyt men in di ekn mit mashin-gever un men vart oyf di vos loyfn fun fayer. mir muzn gikh tsudekn dem kop vayl es faln tsigl un shtiker fayer, es shitn zikh shoyn gantse moyern. mir loyfn in tsveytn toyer. mir veysn shoyn fun di frierdikn bombardirungen az di pulapn(6) fun di toyern zenen fester, ober der vint yogt do fun ale zaytn funken mit roykh, mir vern dershtikt un di oygn brenen. mir konen do nisht oys|haltn. vu loyft men zikh rateven? plutsling derzeen mir in letstn hoyf links in vinkl, a shvartsn indzl, dort brent nisht, un mentshn bavegn zikh. mir loyfn ahin un faln arayn tsvishn fraynd, mir khapn zikh arum, mir kushn zikh. zey dertseyln, az zey zenen gelofn undz rateven un nisht gekont arayn. geven zikher az mir zenen shoyn umgekumen. nishto keyn tsayt tsum reydn. men muz rateven di gebayde. do iz amol geven di drukeray un redaktsye "moment"(7). di tsvey shtok zenen shoyn eyn mol baym onheyb krig opgebrent gevorn. shpeter iz a helft farrikht gevorn un itst z' 15 muzn mir dos oprateven fun fayer, kedey zikh aleyn tsu rateven. vaser iz do in keler. eyn shpaler mentshn fun keler biz tsum dakh derlangen vaser in blekhlekh fun konservn. a tsveyter shpaler fun dakh biz tsum keler gibn tsurik leydike blekhlekh. ikh nem tsu bay eynem a por shofer-briln un gey aroys oyfn dakh. ot do kegn iber iz geven mayn voynung. gehat a bet, a kishn, vi dem kop avektsuleygn un itst raysn zikh aroys fun dort flamen un farshlingen alts. do darf men ale funken, vos faln oyf dem mit pape(8) gedekte dakh, bald farleshn, vayl dos kon zikh laykht ontsindn. un tsulib dem shtarkn roykh muzn di por mentshn oyfn dakh zikh oft toytshn. arum iz a yam fun fayer, di greste film rezhisirn hobn nokh nisht bavizn oystsurezhisirn aza bild, es roysht un es knakt un es shist, mir vern fartoybt, mir hern gornisht, ven afile men shrayt tsu undz. mir arbetn mit di letste koykhes, mir kemfn mit an ibernatirlekher makht. un mir zign. nokh a gantser nakht arbet hot zikh ayngegebn di gebayde tsu rateven. in der fri iz shoyn ariber der gefar, az dos fayer zol zikh iberkhapn tsu undz. mir kukn zikh arum. a finf hundert mentshn fun di noenste hayzer hobn zikh do geratevet un a groyse tsol iz umgekumen fun fayer, dershtikt gevorn in di kelern fun roykh. un di vos zenen geblibn zenen shoyn geratevet? dervayl trakht men nokh nisht vegn dem. ale hobn shver gearbet baym bazaytikn dem gantsn laykht brenendikn materyal fun hoyz. dos iz geven di papir-opteylung. dem gantsn lager papir hobn mir gemuzt aroysvarfn in mitn hoyf un farbrenen. itst zenen ale mid un krank oyf di oygn. un do geyt oyf aza zuniker likhtiker tog un vayzt undz di farbrente hayzer in geto, di umgekumene shtot. un zol dos blaybn l|zikorn. zuntik, dem 25 april 1943. in ovnt iz untergetsindn gevorn dos yidishe geto in varshe un in di flamen zenen umgekumen tsendliker toyznter mener, froyen un kinder; di vos zenen fun fayer aroysgeshprungen zenen oyf di gasn dershosn gevorn un di, vos hobn el pi nes zikh geratevet, zenen vokhn, khadoshem ge|yogt un gepaynikt gevorn biz men hot zey umgebrakht. un ven ikh hob shpeter bazukht aza keler mit farshtikte mentshn, gezen kinder mit oysgerisene mayler, vi shvartse farbrente lekher, froyen mit farmakhte foystn, mit hor aroysgerisene fun kop, hob ikh geveynt un di foystn gebaylt un getrakht vegn di milyonen gebaylte foysten oyf der gorer velt kegn hitlerizm un kegn fashizm. ================= heores [fun l.p.] 1) shaulistn: "fashistishe litvishe organizatsye fun far der milkhome, eng mitgearbet mit der es.es baym likvidirn yidn in poylishe un litvishe gebitn." [Nakhmen blumental, _verter un vertlekh fun der khurbm-tkufe_, z. 306] blumental shraybt "shaulisn" -- on dem -t. zey hobn geshemt als "erger vi di daytshn." 2) arizirn. di natsis hobn gerufn dos konfiskirn yidish hob-un-guts "aryanizatsye". ze _groyser verterbukh_, band 4. 3) pritshe(s) < poylish _prycza_ 'bet fun breter'. 4) '"vilde hayzer" 'nokh dem vi men hot ayngeshrumpt dos geto zenen di dozike hayzer aroysgenumen gevorn fun geto-shetekh un men hot nisht getort voynen in zey' [tsitirt fun tekst, z' 12]. 5) tornister(s) < poylish _tornister_ 'rukzak; valize'. 6) skhron < poylish _schron_ 'opdakh'. 7) pulapn < poylish _pulap_ 'stelye'. 8) _moment_ iz geven eyner fun di tsvey groyse yidishe teglekhe tsaytungen in varshe tsvishn beyde velt milkhomes. 9) pape < poylish _papa_ 'smole-papir'. ______________________________________________________ End of _The Mendele Review_ 03.008 Leonard Prager, editor Subscribers to _Mendele_ (see below) automatically receive _The Mendele Review_. 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